Relax, the hard work has been done for you. The U.S. National Academy of Sciences, in conjunction with Britain's equally prestigious Royal Society, have reduced the science to a handy pamphlet aimed at the lay reader. It's entitled, "A Discussion on Climate Change: Evidence and Causes."
The 36-page booklet is detailed but not buried under scientific jargon most people can't understand. At the link given you can download the entire pamphlet, the Q&A section, the "Climate Basics" section, or all of the graphs and figures.
